Investigation of the hydrogeochemistry of some bottled mineral waters in Hungary     

Ubul Fugedi  Laszlo KutiGyozo Jordan  Barbara Kerek 《Journal of Geochemical Exploration》2010

Bottled drinking water constitutes a significant part of total water consumption in developed countries and national and EU legislation regulates their market production. In the framework of an international project carried out by the EuroGeoSurveys Geochemistry Expert Group 36 bottled waters were obtained from public markets in Hungary in order to determine their hydrogeochemical composition. The objective of this study is to investigate the possible relationship between groundwater aquifer lithology and the processed and marketed bottled waters, and to develop a classification of bottled waters, based on their dissolved mineral content. Analytical results of this study are compared with the composition shown on bottle labels, and with archive hydrochemical data from the producing wells. Results show that, while processing of original groundwater, such as oxygen addition, iron or hydrogen-sulphide removal can significantly alter water composition, bottled water composition can be used for selection of sites for detailed hydrogeochemical and hydrogeological characterization. A simple and useful classification of bottled water quality is also presented that is based on natural groups of sampled waters derived by means of statistical data analysis methods.  相似文献   

A 44-year hindcast of wind wave fields over the Baltic Sea     

Witold Cieślikiewicz  Barbara Paplińska-Swerpel 《Coastal Engineering》2008

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Possible effects of human impacts on epibenthic communities and coral rubble features in the marine Park of Bunaken (Indonesia)     

Federica Fava  Massimo Ponti  Alice Scinto  Barbara Calcinai  Carlo Cerrano 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》2009

Indo-Pacific coral reefs are considered among the most complex and biodiversified ecosystems in the world. Their existence is threatened by both natural and anthropogenic factors. Therefore, the assessment of anthropogenic disturbances is necessary to protect and manage these marine natural resources. In Bunaken Marine Park (North Sulawesi, Indonesia) epibenthic assemblages and coral rubble features at four impacted sites (each of them located close to villages and frequently exploited as recreational diving spots), and four well preserved sites (far from villages and scarcely frequented by divers), were investigated at 6, 12 and 18 m depth, in order to identify possible reef modifications. The assemblages were sampled by way of photographs. Coral rubble cover was estimated both by way of photographs and along belt transects, while grain size and the living fraction of the coral rubble were assessed by direct samples. The data showed significant differences between the study sites and between depths with regard to human activity. The hard coral cover and the assemblage heterogeneity are higher in control sites than in the impacted site where, especially in shallow water, the mechanical damage can strongly affect the assemblage structure.  相似文献   

L’influence de certaines substances toxiques,contenues dans les eaux d’égouts municipaux,sur les bactériesEscherichia coli etPseudomonas fluorescens     

Sabina Spandowska  Barbara Ŀubieńska  Stanisŀaw Koŀaczkowski 《Aquatic Sciences - Research Across Boundaries》1973,35(2):278-285

The toxic influence of phenol, aniline, pyridine and chrome, substances often found in municipal wastewaters, on the bacteriaEscherichia coli andPseudomonas fluorescens was examined. The non-toxic, growth limiting, toxic and lethal doses were determined on the basis of observations made ofE. coli andP. fluorescens reproduction and respiration patterns. Comparative test series were set up with the various doses in different nutrient cultures to ascertain whether the bacterias’ multiplication process or carbohydrate decomposition was more sensitive to the chemicals.  相似文献   

A survey of lunar transient phenomena     

Barbara M. Middlehurst 《Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors》1977,14(3):185-193

Periodic and morphological characteristics of lunar transient phenomena (LTP) are described. Some early historical records are reviewed. Most sites of LTP's show evidence of internal disturbance either initiated from within or by volcanic modification of impact formations. Some individual crater sites are described. The probability of the reliability of at least some, and probably most, reports has been increased by the later discovery of the periodic nature of the deep-focus and shallow moonquakes; spurious reports would not have produced the periodicity of LTP's, but random errors would increase the noise level.The conclusion to be drawn from the inadequacy of external energy sources is that some energy must be injected from within the moon, probably in the excitation of gases, but this must remain speculation until better data is obtained. The underlying problem now is still the difficulty of obtaining permanent instrumental records; only twenty heterogeneous reports are at present known.  相似文献   

Late-glacial vegetation associated with caribou and mastodon in central Indiana     

Donald R. Whitehead  Stephen T. Jackson  Mark C. Sheehan  Barbara W. Leyden 《Quaternary Research》1982,17(2):241-257

The Christensen Mastodon Site, located in central Indiana, contains a rich assemblage of vertebrates (including mastodon, caribou, and giant beaver), invertebrates, and plant macrofossils in situ in lake and bog sediments of late-glacial age. Studies of pollen and plant macrofossils suggest the existence of open, white spruce-dominated boreal forests from >; 14,000 yr B.P. to ca. 13,000 yr B.P. The regional decline of spruce, local occurrence of black spruce, white spruce, and larch, immigration of many hardwood taxa (e.g., ash, oak, elm), and the initiation of bog development are recorded beginning about 13,000 yr B.P. Recent reconstructions of late-glacial and early postglacial vegetational changes provide a context for understanding the disappearance of mastodons. The dramatic and rapid restriction of boreal forests along the retreating ice margin from 11,000 to 9000 yr B.P. may have caused a substantial reduction of mastodon populations. A diminished population would be more susceptible to small-scale, stochastic events such as short-term extremes of weather, outbreaks of disease, or predation pressure from paleoindian hunters.  相似文献   

Progress in physical geography,Volume 1, Numbers 1 and 2, Edited by B. W. Atkinson,R. J. Chorley,D. R. Stoddard,C. Board,P. Haggett and D. Lowenthal,London, Edward Arnold, 1977. No. of pages: iv and 373     

Barbara A. Kennedy 《地球表面变化过程与地形》1978,3(4):431-432

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After horton     

Barbara A. Kennedy 《地球表面变化过程与地形》1978,3(3):219-231

The divergent and yet related problems of post-Hortonian studies of drainage density and channel network geometry are viewed against the difficulties of defining first-order channels and basins. It is proposed that the junction of an unbranched perennial (or blue-line) channel with another perennial channel be taken as the starting point for definitions and that the entire contour-crenulation network tributary to that point be considered the first-order stream. It is shown that the concept of network diameter may be used to describe the networks so delimited and that it appears to provide a useful starting point for interregional comparisons. Finally, an analysis of Blyth and Rodda's (1973) data on channel lengths and discharge indicates that network diameter may be as closely related to discharge as is channel length itself.  相似文献   

Preliminary studies of food habits of juvenile fish,China Poot Marsh and Potter Marsh,Alaska, 1978     

Edward G. Wolf  Barbara Morson  Kenneth W. Fucik 《Estuaries and Coasts》1983,6(2):102-114

During the year 1978, juvenile salmonids were collected from coastal streams running through China Poot Marsh and the stomach contents analyzed. Stomach contents of threespine stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus) and staghorn sculpin (Leptocottus armatus) from China Poot and of threespine stickleback from Potter Marsh were also analyzed; these two species were generally caught in tidal pools on the marshes. The juvenile coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) had the most varied diet; 37 different prey items were identified in the stomachs. By comparison, 25, 26, and 33 prey taxa were identified in the stomach contents of Dolly Varden char (Salvelinus malma), threespine stickleback, and staghorn sculpin, respectively. Amphipods were the dominant prey of all fish collected from China Poot Marsh; chironomidae larvae were the most common item in the stomach contents of threespine stickleback from Potter Marsh. The diets of all species changed over the course of the study period; the change was most dramatic for juvenile salmonids and sculpins.  相似文献   

Effect of iron type on kinetics and carbon isotopic enrichment of chlorinated ethylenes during abiotic reduction on Fe(0)     

VanStone NA  Focht RM  Mabury SA  Lollar BS 《Ground water》2004,42(2):268-276

Four samples of two commercially available iron brands used as substrate for iron permeable reactive barriers (PRBs) were tested for suitability for remediation of perchloroethylene (PCE), trichloroethylene (TCE), cis-dichloroethylene (cDCE) and vinyl chloride (VC). Kinetic studies indicate that rates of reaction are enhanced for cDCE and VC on Connelly iron (2.8 x 10(-4) to 6.9 x 10(-4) L/m2/hr and 2.0 x 10(-4) to 9.0 x 10(-4) L/m2/hr, for cDCE and VC, respectively) vs. Peerless iron (3.1 x 10(-5) to 4.6 x 10(-5) L/m2/hr and 2.4 x 10(-5) to 4.1 x 10(-5) L/m2/hr, for cDCE and VC, respectively). Carbon isotopic analyses of the residual chlorinated ethylene (CE) during degradation indicate significant fractionation occurs during reductive dechlorination, with, for example, up to 70% enrichment in carbon isotopic values observed when VC is more than 99% degraded. Comparison of fractionation factors (epsilon) indicates significant differences in carbon isotopic fractionation for different iron types and for different CEs. For the lower CEs (cDCE and VC) in particular, both slower reaction rates and larger fractionation are observed for degradation on Peerless vs. Connelly iron. This is the first study to establish a correlation between the rate of abiotic degradation on Fe(0) and the extent of isotopic fractionation, and the first to confirm consistent differences in these two parameters as a function of iron type. The possibility that these differences in kinetics and carbon isotopic fractionation for cDCE and VC are related to differences in branching ratios between competing hydrogenolysis and beta-elimination reactions during reductive dechlorination on the iron surfaces is discussed.  相似文献